Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Also known as a funnel approach, this strategy is often recommended when conducting semistructured interviews spradley, 1979 or focus groups morgan, 1997. However, combining sampling strategies may be more appropriate to the aims of. Purposive sampling may involve studying the entire.
Chapter 4 research methodology and design nwuir home. American journal of theoretical and applied statistics. This article studied and compared the two nonprobability sampling techniques namely, convenience sampling and purposive sampling. We call this process applied thematic analysis ata. When enough information is known to identify characteristics that may influence how the phenonmenon is manifest, then it may make sense to use a stratified purposeful sampling approach. In addition to knowledge and experience, bernard 2002 and spradley. Jan 01, 2016 ilker etikan, sulaiman abubakar musa, rukayya sunusi alkassim. Bernard 2002, campbell 1955, seidler 1974, tremblay 1957.
For instance, the range of variation in a sample from which purposive sample is to be. Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research 4 preface the manual for sampling techniques used in social sciences is an effort to describe various types of sampling methodologies that are used in researches of social sciences in an easy and understandable way. Pdf purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. This technique has been used in qualitative research to identify and choose the informationrich cases for the most proper utilization of available. A careful consideration of focus group size, funding and research goals can help to determine which method of sampling will be most beneficial. Description as utilized in qualitative and mixed methods research, purposive sampling involves an iterative process of selecting research subjects rather than starting with a predetermined sampling frame. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. Sampling methods, random sampling, multistage cluster sampling, random route method, quota sampling 1. Read online purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection book pdf free download link book now. A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in.
The logic and power of purposive sampling, argues patton, lie in selecting. As defined by kerlinger 1986, purposive sampling is another nonprobability based sampling. It uses the judgment of an expert in selecting cases or it selects cases with a specific purpose in mind. European journal of special education research issn 2501. Nonprobability sampling focuses on sampling techniques where the units that are investigated are based on the judgement of the researcher see our articles.
Sampling method is defined by burns and grove 2009. A purposive sample is a nonprobability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Although recommendations exist for determining qualitative sample sizes, the literature appears to contain few instances of research on the topic. The terms purposeful and theoretical are viewed synonomously and used interchangeably. For the focus groups, the chosen sampling method was nonprobability nonrandom purposive sampling, in which the researcher decides what needs to be known and sets out to find people who can and are willing to provide the information by virtue of knowledge or experience bernard 2002. Purposive sampling generalizable or the existence of a particular kind of case will undermine all that you know to be true about a phenomenon, then look for that kind of case. This is also true for marketing researchers who are seeking support for their product. Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, is a type of nonprobability sampling technique.
When enough information is known to identify characteristics that may influence how the. The term snowball sampling has been applied to two types of procedures related to network sampling. Purposeful sampling is widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of informationrich cases related to the phenomenon of interest. Qualitative research in psychology, in press 2 sampling is an important component of qualitative research design that has been given less attention in methodological textbooks and journals than its centrality to the process warrants mason, 2002. Sampling in qualitative research sage research methods. Purposive sampling subjects are selected because of some characteristic. Purposive sampling and it is concluded that the choice of the techniques convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Researchers often believe that they can obtain a representative sample by using a sound judgment, which will result in saving time and money. However, combining sampling strategies may be more appropriate to the. Pdf purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection. Krueger 1994 and morgan 1997 have suggested that three to. Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection pdf.
Sampling refers to the process of selecting a portion of the population that conforms to a designated set of specifications to be studied. Through qualitative research we can explore a wide array of dimensions of the social world, including the texture and weave of. The second step in purposive sampling is to determine which type of purposive sampling to employ. Stratified purposeful sampling qualitative research. Mason 2002 chapter 7 sampling and selection mjcoonkitt. An increasing number of qualitative evidence syntheses papers are found in health care literature. Meaning and objective purposive sampling is a sampling method in which elements are chosen from among the whole population based on purpose of the study. Raj, p4 the surveyors a person or a establishment in charge of collecting and recording data or researchers initial task is to formulate a. Purposive sampling is intentional selection of informants based on their ability to elucidate a specific theme, concept, or phenomenon.
Purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of informationrich cases for the most effective use of limited resources patton, 2002. Although, nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations due to the subjective nature in choosing the. Qualitative research, sampling designs, random sampling, purposive sampling, and sample size setting the scene. Despite some drawbacks, purposive sampling is a thorough and useful tool that can be used in the field of research. Sampling is a very complex issue in qualitative research as there are many variations of qualitative sampling described in the literature and much confusion and overlapping of types of sampling, particularly in the case of purposeful and theoretical sampling. Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Convenience sampling, purposive sampling, sampling techniques. Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to qualitative research in education and the health sciences timothy c. Stratified purposeful sampling is different from stratified random sampling in that the sample sizes are likely to be too small for generalization. Since there are several different types of purposive sampling e. Judgmental sampling or purposive sampling the researcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study. This article studied and compared the two nonprobability sampling techniques namely. Purposive sampling in vivo coding exemplar quotes methodology is based on bernard 2002 purposive sampling sources selected from three prominent voices in the immigration and labor debate for comparative analysis media government industry labor organizations data analysis quantitative create codebook create data. Purposive sampling is a nonprobability sampling method and it occurs when elements selected for the sample are chosen by the judgment of the researcher.
Selection of the sample is at the convenience of the researcher biased. A field manual for applied research provides a very practical. Patton 1990 has proposed the following cases of purposive sampling. This method is popular with newspapers and magazines which want to make a particular point.
Bernard 2002 and spradley 1979 note the importance of availability and. In these scenarios, nonprobability sampling is commonly exercised. The logic and power of purposeful sampling lie in selecting informationrich cases for study in depth. Designing qualitative studies 169 purposeful sampling perhaps nothing better captures the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods than the different logics that undergird sampling approaches. Several qualitative methodologists recommend sampling for variation breadth before sampling for commonalities depth glaser, 1978. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection ethnobotany. Sampling strategies for quantitative methods used in. Purposive sampling is used most often when a difficulttoreach population needs to be measured. Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.
A qualitative framework for collecting and analyzing data. Insights from an overview of the methods literature abstract the methods literature regarding sampling in qualitative research is characterized by important inconsistencies and ambiguities, which can be problematic for students and researchers seeking a clear and coherent understanding. Provide guidance on sampling methodology that results in unified measurement across countries, thus allowing for both local and crosscountry comparisons. Purposive sampling technique was used for sampling purposes.
These do not exhaust the possibilities but illustrate some of the strategic lenses through which purposive sampling can be considered. Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches. Through qualitative research we can explore a wide array of dimensions of the social world, including the texture and weave of everyday life, the understandings, experiences. Dec 20, 2014 meaning and objective purposive sampling is a sampling method in which elements are chosen from among the whole population based on purpose of the study. We are reminded here of russ bernard s 2005 adage that methods belong to all of us p. In bernards words, you decide the purpose you want your informants or. It is characterized by a deliberate effort to obtain representative samples through the inclusion of groups or typical areas in a sample.
Sampling gordon lynchi introduction one of the aspects of research design often overlooked by researchers doing fieldwork in the study of religion is the issue of sampling. A study on purposive sampling method in research neetij rai bikash thapa chapter i. Sampling is a procedure, where in a fraction of the data is taken from a large set of data, and the inference drawn from the sample is extended to whole group. It is a highly rewarding activity because it engages us with things that matter, in ways that matter. The main objective of purposive sampling is that the researcher, with his good decision and appropriate policy, chooses those elements which are meant for fulfilling the research objective. A purposive sampling method was used, which is most common in phenomenological inquiry. Purposive sampling is different from convenience sampling and is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling. The publication of the third edition of qualitative research and evaluation methods offers the author an opportunity to reflect back over two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry. Extreme or deviant case learning from highly unusual manifestations of the phenomenon of interest, such as outstanding successnotable. Purposive samples are the most commonly used form of nonprobabilistic sampling, and their size typically relies on the concept of saturation, or the point at which no new information or. Transfer knowledge and expertise related to sampling to the local implementing organization. Purposive sampling starts with a purpose in mind and the sample is thus selected to include people of interest and exclude those who do not suit the purpose. Purposive sampling is popular in qualitative research. Purposive sampling is an acceptable kind of sampling for special situations.
It is relatively commonplace for books and articles in the field particularly written from a humanities perspective to present their empirical data as being of self. Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection scholarspace. Purposive sampling, a nonprobability sampling method. The following steps were followed in the purposive sampling of participants for this. A stratified purposeful sampling approach can lend credibility to a research study. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. In order to help fill this void, the current article aims to provide academics, students. Eschewing a compartmentalized view of qualitative research and data analysis is the underlying theme of this book and the analytic process we describe. Convenience sampling ease of access convenience sampling defined as a group of individuals believed to be representative of the population from which it is selected, but chosen because it is close at hand rather than being randomly selected. Sage sampling and selection are principles and procedures used to identify, choose, and gain access to relevant data sources from which you will generate data using your chosen methods. Nonprobability sampling to learn more about nonprobability sampling, and sampling. Akin to grounded theory, the selection process involves identifying themes, concepts, and indicators through observation and reflection schutt, 2006. The use of purposeful sampling in a qualitative evidence.
It is useful when the researcher know little about a group or organisation. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling are nonprobability sampling techniques that a researcher uses to choose a sample of subjectsunits from a population. Purposive sampling educational research basics by del siegle. This paper focuses on how to go about selecting people. Although there are several different purposeful sampling strategies, criterion sampling appears to be used most commonly in implementation research. The purposive sampling technique was considered suitable for this study because it focused on those involved in the planning, provision, receipt. Understanding the complex components of communitybased. Introduction since the earliest applications of quota sampling in the early twentieth century, there has been a wealth of references to its unsuitability for some purposes, such as to obtain populationrepresentative samples 16. Qualitative research, sampling designs, random sampling, purposive sampling, and sample size setting the. Purposive sampling is especially exemplified through the key informant technique bernard 2002, garcia 2006, gustad et al. It avoids random sampling by targeting a specific group of people, often a small group rather than a more.
Mar 19, 2020 a purposive sample is a nonprobability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study. Mar 27, 2020 download purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. Purposive sampling, a nonprobability sampling method, entails the categorization of. The variables to which the sample is drawn up are linked to the research question.
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